In some Trackman IO radar setups, disconnections appear to correlate with the number of USB adapters in use. This article explains why that might happen and what to consider when troubleshooting or designing stable configurations.

Although the Trackman IO radar connects via Ethernet, the surrounding system often includes multiple USB-connected peripherals - such as adapters, hubs, and converters. These can introduce instability, especially when used in large numbers or with low-quality components.

Key Concepts:

• USB Adapter: A device that converts one type of port or signal to USB (e.g., Ethernet-to-USB, USB-to-serial).
• USB Hub: A device that expands one USB port into several.
• Bus Power: Power supplied through the USB port. Too many devices can exceed the available power.

Why USB Adapters May Cause Disconnections in the TMiO Setups

• Power Overload
  • USB ports have limited power capacity. Multiple adapters can draw more power than the system can provide, leading to voltage drops or device resets.
• Bandwidth Saturation
  • All USB devices on the same controller share bandwidth. High data traffic (e.g., from cameras or sensors) can cause delays or dropped connections.
• Driver Conflicts
  • Each adapter requires a driver. Too many drivers or poorly written ones can cause system instability or crashes.
• Signal Interference
  • Long or unshielded USB cables and hubs can introduce electrical noise, affecting data integrity.
• Hub Limitations
  • Passive (unpowered) hubs rely on the host for power. When overloaded, they may disconnect devices unpredictably.

Solving the Disconnection

1. Minimize USB Adapters: Use direct connections where possible.
2. Use Powered Hubs: Ensure each device gets enough power.
3. Distribute Load: Spread devices across different USB controllers or ports.
4. Check Cable Quality: Use short, shielded cables rated for the correct USB version.
5. Monitor System Resources: Use tools to check power draw and bandwidth usage.